Efecto del aceite vegetal (canola) y animal (Sardina y Salmón) en el alimento sobre la expresión transcripcional del camarón blanco Penaeus vannamei

"Shrimp farming has developed exponentially worldwide, and nutrition is one of the most critical areas of research to continue this expansion. Currently, there is little information about the effect of dietary lipid quality on gene expression in the white shrimp Penaeus vannamei. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of vegetable and animal oil on the transcriptional expression and fatty acid (FA) profile of P. vannamei. A 28-day feeding trial was conducted with three experimental feeds using different oils; 'canola', 'sardine', and a 'sardine + salmon' oil mixture. The final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate were significantly higher for the shrimp fed 'sardine + salmon' (P<0.05). Regarding the FA profile, both in the polar and neutral fractions, the levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were higher in 'sardine + salmon' and 'sardine' than in the 'canola' diet, where a higher proportion of α-linolenic (18:3n-3) and linoleic (18:2n-6) acids was observed for the latter, reflecting the lipid composition of the diet. From a massive transcriptional sequencing analysis among the evaluated treatments and using the reference genome of P. vannamei ASM378908v1, 216 differentially expressed genes (P<0.05) were found among the three treatments, which are associated with different biological processes such as lipid metabolism, muscle function, stress and oxidative damage. In the two treatments in which fish oil was used ('sardine' and 'sardine + salmon'), 86 differentially expressed genes were identified with respect to ‘canola’ treatment (P<0.05), considering these genes as potential expression markers associated with growth. Although fish oil was restricted in the 'canola' diet, no genes related to HUFA synthesis, elongation and saturation were observed."