A computation-enabled analyticalconstruct for the assessment ofalternative urban conditions towardssustainable transport system and tosupport sustainable travel activities:a space time constraint-basedapproach
2020
The contribution of anthropological emissions to climate change has been a widely
acknowledged topic of concern in recent decades towards environmental sustainability.
Urban land-based transportation for the movement of people is one of the main
contributors to emissions in the UK and other countries. Environmental sustainability is
most directly achieved through the reduction of motorised transport activities, including
passenger transport, but travel activities related to social and economic activities must
be supported in cities.
Chapter 1 problematises the goal to support social and economic activities whilst
reducing environmental impact as a challenge in planning and city design. The
challenge within city design processes is identifying the implications of alternative urban
conditions towards urban sustainability before they are built. There is a lack of an
adequate computational analytical framework that considers new urban developments
and new transport services in the analysis of alternative urban conditions.
Chapter 2 identifies known methodological approaches to analyse alternative urban
conditions before the fact (ex-ante). Each supported by after the fact (ex-post) studies
correspond to the theoretical perspective underlying each approach. A space-time
approach has advantages over other probable outcome-based approaches in transportintegrated city design towards transport and travel-related sustainability. However, a
space-time approach has been underdeveloped for before the fact (ex-ante) analysis.
This study aims address this research gap by extend ingthe space-time approach as a
computational analytical construct to facilitate computational scenario modelling and
analysis for transport-integrated city design.
Chapter 3 outlines the theoretical framework of a space-time approach for architecture
in city design. A space-time approach includes the opportunities for activity participation
related to the spatial and temporal organisation of building functions and programme,
physical spatial transport infrastructure, travel modes, space and time-sensitive public
transport services. Together, they facilitate and constrains the inhabitants' possibilities
to conduct different combinations of everyday activities.
Chapter 4 details the constructive research method employed in this study. This study
results in the construction of a computational analytical construct in two parts. First, an
operational model extends a space-time analytical approach by integrating new
technologies and data sources, with the ability to manipulate the model reflecting
alternative urban conditions. Second part consist of an analytical framework for travel
mode comparison in alternative urban conditions to address questions in transport and
travel-related sustainability within future built environments.
Chapter 5 describes the construct implementation and the interpretation of results. The
operational model is tested using two reconstructed cases from previous studies. First
test with a similar construct set in Karlstad where the results are found to be similar. The
second test with a study in Reading with a different construct found the difference
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between the measures as expected. The operational model's utility is demonstrated
through the analytical framework in two case study experiments set in Manchester.
This study contextualises a space-time approach for architecture to analyse and think
about the possibilities of travel activities facilitated and constrained by alternative urban
conditions as part of a city design process. The analytical construct aligns with activitybased travel analysis in transport geography, social sequence analysis, and GPS
activity data analysis in geography. Thus, the analytical construct enables a conceptual
link between applied research and fundamental research in understanding cities'
functioning and evolution. The analytical construct provides a foundation for further
research related to system changes in the wider social context that substantially
modifies everyday travel-related activity patterns and how city design of alternative
urban conditions can respond to changing circumstances.
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