DNA extraction: finding the most suitable method

Abstract Nowadays, detection of food and water pathogens is an issue of major concern. DNA-based methods are simple, sensitive, specific, and able to detect low amounts of the target, making them a valuable tool for the rapid and accurate detection of food and waterborne pathogens. One of the main means of guaranteeing a successful molecular analysis is to obtain a suitable amount of the DNA with an acceptable purity. Food and water samples are particularly challenging due to their complex matrices and the potential presence of interfering substances that may impair the subsequent applications. Consequently, the appropriate choice of DNA extraction method is essential. In this chapter, four different DNA extraction methods will be highlighted and discussed (boiling method, column extraction, magnetic bead, and FTA cards – a paper matrix laced with a proprietary mixture of chemicals that lyse cells and stabilize nucleic acids on contact for long term storage at room temperature). For each one, specific characteristics, basic mechanisms, advantages, and disadvantages will be specified. Additionally, some strategies to overcome possible limitations will be discussed.