Physical insight into electromagnetic kinetic energy transducers and appropriate energy conditioning for enhanced micro energy harvesting

This paper proposes a new method for modeling electromagnetic kinetic energy transducers and gives analytical expressions that enable the design of efficient energy conditioning circuitry. The introduced transducer modeling approach achieves high accuracy without requiring a large set of parameters. The presented transducer characterization allows physical insight into fully assembled and packaged transducers in order to extract the required transducer model parameters without knowledge of the individual components. Moreover, the electromagnetic coupling, the parasitic damping, and the optimal load can be modeled with a dependence on the external excitation. Precise co-simulation with CMOS integrated energy conditioning circuitry is possible implementing this model in a circuit simulator.