Recent trends and future perspectives of lignocellulose biomass for biofuel production: a comprehensive review

Agricultural and lignocellulose residues are a large number of available biomass substrates and important sources for the fermentation of biofuels. Gasification and enzymatic hydrolysis are the main technologies for converting lignocellulose biomass into products for the production of biofuels as a sustainable energy source for fuel transportation. Bio-fuel production is getting interest due to the depletion of crude oil reserves. Biofuel production is an economical alternative source for transport and energy sectors since it offers the utilization of cheap lignocellulose biomass for generating valued bio-fuels and chemicals. However, most of the processes are still in development phase due to techno-economic challenges and diversity in composition of lignocellulose biomass. Optimizations have been made over the years to make these processes developed enough to be employed on the industrial scale. This review accounts the sources and compositions of different lignocellulosic biomasses along with several thermo-chemical, catalytic, and integrated strategies for their conversion to produce bio-fuels and other valuable chemicals.