Sequencing of Non-model Plants for Understanding the Physiological Responses in Plants

From a genomic point of view, plants are complex organisms. Plants adapt to the envi‐ ronment, by developing different physiological and genetic properties, changing their ge‐ nomic and expression profiles of adaptive factors, as exemplified by polyploidy studies. These characteristics along with the presence of duplicated genes/genomes make se‐ quencing with early low-throughput DNA sequencing technologies in plants a challeng‐ ing task. With the development of new technologies for molecular analysis, including transcriptome, proteome or microarray profiling, a new perspective in the genomic anal‐ ysis was open, making possible to programs in species without genomic maps. The op‐ portunity to extend molecular studies from laboratory model scale toward naturally occurring plant populations made it possible to precisely answer the longstanding impor‐ tant ecological and evolutionary questions. Some plant species have unique properties that could help to understand their adaptability to environment, crop production, pest protection or other biological processes. Molecular studies on non-model plants, includ‐ ing algae, mosses, ferns and plants with very specific characteristics are ongoing.