Control of Breathing in the Fetus and the Newborn

The sections in this article are: 1 Fetus 1.1 Methods of Studying Fetal Respiratory Activity 1.2 Normal Patterns of Fetal Respiratory Activity 1.3 Respiratory Afferent Input in Fetus 1.4 Respiratory Responses to Chemical Stimuli 1.5 Respiratory Responses to Somatic Stimulation 1.6 Miscellaneous Chemical Substances and Fetal Breathing 1.7 Patterns of Fetal Breathing During Labor 1.8 Fetal Breathing and Maternal Plasma Glucose Levels 1.9 Clinical Application of Fetal Breathing Movements 1.10 Conclusion 2 Newborn 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Chemoreceptors 2.3 Stretch Receptors 2.4 Irritant Receptors 2.5 Other Neural Inputs 2.6 Normal Breathing