Urine Microscopy – Urine Made Crystal Clear

This chapter describes the diagnostic value of crystalluria on urinalysis/urine microscopy as well as subsequent measures for management of urinary lithiasis. We also discuss reasons for consultation to nephrology or urology, initial diagnostic workup, and basic tenets of treatment including medical and surgical management. Finally, the important considerations for management of inpatients or those who are critically ill with an acute and/or infectious stone episode are described.