Biosensors on Enzymes, Tissues, and Cells

The first electrochemical biosensor for glucose was developed by Leland C. Clark in 1962. Driven by its huge success, fundamental and applied research has greatly expanded the concept of a biosensor since then. Today biosensors are widely used in biomedical, industrial, and environmental analysis. This chapter is focused on the fundamental concepts of biosensors and the most recent research results from electrochemical biosensors that are used for environmental analysis.