ANTITOXIC AND NEPHROPROTECTIVE ACTION OF "POLYPHITOL-1" PHYTO-COMPOSITION IN CASE OF CADMIUM INTOXICATION IN YOUNG NOT SEXUALLY MATURE RATS

Abstract. Under conditions of increasing pollution of the environment medical and biological studies related to prophylaxis and treatment of adverse influence of ecotoxicants in respect to age are of great importance. Young organism is especially sensitive to the influence of toxic agents because of the insufficient development of the main regulatory systems, imperfection of mechanisms of protection, low adaptability, and morphological and functional characteristics of the organism.Objective - to study protective influence of the phytopreparation "Polyphitol-1" on the total toxicity and functional status of kidneys under conditions of experimental cadmium toxicosis in young not sexually mature animals.Material and methods. The study was conducted with young (5-6 weeks) juvenile male rats in the period of their growth and sexual maturation. Subchronic intoxication was induced by daily administration of cadmium chloride into the stomach for 30 days (0.03 mg/kg). "Polyphitol-1" (PPh-1) was administered into the stomach at a dose of 2.5 ml/kg 2 hours before administering the dose of the metal. On the 30th day the content of cadmium ions in the organism was examined, together with indexes of excretory, ionic, and acidic regulating function of the kidneys. The intact animals of the same age, lived under the similar vivarium conditions, were used as the control.Results. It was found that the body mass of the intoxicated animals increased only  15.9% for 30 days in comparison with the initial level; this number is 3.7 times less than for the control animals. Owing to PPh-1 administration the mass of the animals increased  39.4%; this is 2.5 times higher than for the intoxicated animals. Under conditions of cadmium intoxication the most sensitive target organs, where the accumulation of cadmium turned out to be the highest, are the kidneys and liver. The content of metal cations in them grew in 17.0 and 8.6 times, respectively. Under the influence of PPh-1 the accumulation of metal in the organism of animals lowered, specifically in the liver – by a factor of 1.8, in the kidneys – by a factor of 1.7. Against a background of cadmium nephrotoxicity medical and preventive administration of PPh-1 increased diuresis by a factor of 1.3, significantly lowered proteinuria; glomerular filtration, depressed under conditions of metal toxicosis, increased by a factor of 1.9, which halved the level of creatinine in the blood plasma down to the level of the control animals. The transport of sodium ions in nephron intensified, its proximal reabsorbtion increased by a factor of 2.3. The filtration fraction of sodium ions increased by a factor of 2.2, and their excretive fraction and clearance decreased by a factor of 2,6-3,0. Also, the compromised tubular-glomerular feedback was restored.Conclusions. Medical and preventive administration of PPh-1 phytocomposition lowers the toxic influence of cadmium intoxication on the organism of young not sexually mature animals (suppresses the inhibitory influence of cadmium chloride on the physiological increase of the body mass, decreases the accumulation of cadmium ions in the organism). Administration of PPh-1 restores the rate of glomerular filtration, eliminates retention azotemia, activates the transport of sodium in the nephron, which promotes its reabsorbtion and decreases its loss by the organism. Owing to its nephroprotective action, PPh-1 normalizes the disordered excretory, ionic and acidic regulating functions of the kidneys, restores the mechanisms of glomerular-tubular and tubular-tubular equilibrium and tubular-glomerular feedback.