Economía colaborativa: definiciones y escenarios

espanolEn un contexto de acelerado cambio economico y social, mediatizado por la tecnologia de la comunicacion, la economia colaborativa es un fenomeno emergente especialmente significativo desde el punto de vista sociologico. Estas practicas sociales, inicialmente orientadas a lo economico tienen importantes repercusiones en el conjunto del sistema social al generar nuevas relaciones sociales -y de poder- que atraviesan la totalidad de ambitos de relacion social: vida cotidiana y comunidad, participacion ciudadana, gobernanza y marco juridico, educacion y cultura, relaciones laborales, etc. El proposito de este articulo es, partiendo del diagnostico ampliamente compartido sobre la indefinicion de la economia colaborativa, establecer una primera sistematizacion conceptual que permita una clarificacion de los fenomenos y procesos socioeconomicos involucrados. Tanto en sus aspectos relativos a contenidos, como al papel que juegan las formas de intercambio, combinando la mediacion tecnologica con formulas tradicionales. A partir de dicha reflexion teorica se define un objeto de investigacion que separa (si bien destacando la mutua influencia) - lo que se puede denominar "economia digital" en las que la organizacion de los procesos reproduce la estructura de mercado tradicional, de aquellas otras experiencias de base solidaria, naturaleza comunitaria y orientacion resiliente que forma la "economia colaborativa". Posteriormente, considerando diferentes escenarios de futuro que ponen en el centro la nueva configuracion de la economia global, se indaga sobre las posibilidades que un programa de investigacion que sea capaz de describir y medir el alcance y las formas de las iniciativas de innovacion social orientadas a la economia y su derivacion sociopolitica. EnglishIn a context of accelerated economic and social change, mediated by communication technology, the collaborative economy is an emerging phenomenon that is particularly significant from a sociological point of view. These social practices, initially oriented to the economic, have important repercussions in the social system as a whole, generating new social relationships -and power- that go through all areas of social relationship: daily life and community, citizen participation, governance and framework legal, education and culture, labor relations, etc. The purpose of this article is, starting from the widely shared diagnosis about the lack of definition of the collaborative economy, to establish a first conceptual systematization that allows a clarification of the phenomena and socioeconomic processes involved. Both in its aspects related to the contents, as well as the role played by the forms of exchange, together with the combination of technologies with traditional formulas. From this theoretical reflection, a research object is defined that separates (although highlighting the mutual influence) - what can be called "digital economy" in which the organization of processes reproduces the traditional market structure, of those other experiences of solidarity, community nature and resilient orientation that forms the "collaborative economy". Subsequently, considering different future scenarios that place the new configuration of the global economy in the center, it is reflected on a research program that is able to describe and measure the scope and forms of social innovation initiatives oriented to the economy and its socioIn a context of accelerated economic and social change, mediated by communication technology, the collaborative economy is an emerging phenomenon that is particularly significant from a sociological point of view. These social practices, initially oriented to the economic, have important repercussions in the social system as a whole, generating new social relationships -and power- that go through all areas of social relationship: daily life and community, citizen participation, governance and framework legal, education and culture, labor relations, etc. The purpose of this article is, starting from the widely shared diagnosis about the lack of definition of the collaborative economy, to establish a first conceptual systematization that allows a clarification of the phenomena and socioeconomic processes involved. Both in its aspects related to the contents, as well as the role played by the forms of exchange, together with the combination of technologies with traditional formulas. From this theoretical reflection, a research object is defined that separates (although highlighting the mutual influence) - what can be called "digital economy" in which the organization of processes reproduces the traditional market structure, of those other experiences of solidarity, community nature and resilient orientation that forms the "collaborative economy". Subsequently, considering different future scenarios that place the new configuration of the global economy in the center, it is reflected on a research program that is able to describe and measure the scope and forms of social innovation initiatives oriented to the economy and its sociopolitical consequences.political onsequences.