Fertility treatments and gastrointestinal morbidity of the offspring.

Abstract Background Prevalence of pregnancies conceived following fertility treatments is high worldwide. While the impact of fertility treatments on short-term perinatal outcome is well established, long-term consequences are yet to be determined. Objective To study the association between mode of conception and long-term gastrointestinal morbidity among children born following fertility treatments. Study design A population-based cohort analysis including all singleton deliveries occurring between 1991 and 2014 at a single regional tertiary medical center was performed. Fetuses with congenital malformations were excluded. A comparison was performed between children delivered following IVF, OI and spontaneous pregnancies. Hospitalizations up to the age of 18 years involving gastrointestinal morbidity were evaluated. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to compare cumulative morbidity incidence. A Cox regression model was used to control for confounders. Results During the study period 242,187 singleton deliveries met the inclusion criteria; 1.1% following IVF (n = 2603), and 0.7% following OI (n = 1721). Hospitalization rates involving gastrointestinal morbidity were significantly higher in children conceived following IVF and OI (5.7%, 7.1% respectively) as compared with children conceived spontaneously (5.4%; p = 0.005). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve demonstrated a significantly higher cumulative incidence of gastrointestinal morbidity following IVF and OI (log rank p = 0.001). Using a Cox proportional hazards model, controlling for maternal age, preterm delivery, birthweight, maternal diabetes and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, IVF (adjusted HR = 1.27, CI 1.08–1.50, p = 0.004), was noted as an independent risk factor for long-term pediatric gastrointestinal morbidity. Conclusion Singletons conceived by IVF appear to be at an increased risk for long-term gastrointestinal morbidity.