Modification of Empirical Antimicrobial Regimen During the First 72 Hours of Hospitalization

Abstract Objective The aims of this study were to determine the empirical antibiotic therapy used in patients admitted to the Emergency Department who were later hospitalized, and to describe the antibiotic changes during their first days of hospitalization. Method All 14-year-old patients admitted to the Emergency Department who were started on antibiotic therapy and subsequently were hospitalized for at least 72 hours in an in-patient hospital ward, were included in a prospective observational study. Patients underwent daily follow-up during the first 3 days of hospitalization. The type of infection, microbiological data, and empirical antibiotic therapy and its changes were registered. Results 225 patients were included in this study. The most frequent types of infection diagnosed were infection of the respiratory airways, pneumonia, and skin and soft-tissue infection. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was the most widely prescribed antibiotic followed by levofloxacin and third generation cephalosporins. Microbiological samples were taken in 80 (36%) patients. Of the 225 antimicrobial regimens started in the Emergency Department, 94 (42%) were changed during the first 72 hours of hospitalization: 37 (16%) were completely modified, 31 (14%) were discontinued and antibiotics were added or stopped from the existing regimen in 26 cases (12%). Among these 94 patients whose treatment was changed, only in 40 (42%) there was a microbiological result for aiding in the adjustment of the antibiotic therapy. Conclusion The frequency of early changes during inpatient hospitalization to antimicrobial regimens which were initially prescribed in the Emergency Department is high. Microbiological results were rarely used to guide these changes.