Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion(OTEC) - a Techno-economic Analysis for Coastal Area of Pakistan

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a process that utilizes temperature difference between deep cooler water and warm surface water of ocean to produce electricity. Thermodynamic efficiency of OTEC plant is typically between 2 to 4%. Technological challenges, exorbitant up-front costs and lack of expertise in the area are some of the hindrances in commercializing the concept on mass scale. In this study a feasibility with respect to temperature profile of Pakistani coastal areas is laid out along with cost analysis for future application of OTEC technology in Pakistan. Preferable locations are close to western coast near Pasni, Gawadar and Ormara where required temperature difference of 20 degree Celsius is achievable at depths of approximately 1800 meters. Same temperature difference can be achieved at depths of approximately 1500 meters if OTEC plant is installed 50 kilometers away from shore-line in extended continental shelf (ECS) waters. Estimated cost of energy for Open Cycle OTEC is USD 0.25 - 0.33/kWh and for Close Cycle system USD 0.28/kWh.