Pediatric Triage Education for the General Emergency Nurse: A Randomized Crossover Trial Comparing Simulation With Paper-Case Studies

Abstract Introduction The majority of pediatric emergency patients are seen in mixed-age emergency departments and triaged by general emergency nurses. Educational methods for teaching pediatric triage education to general emergency nurses have not been well studied, and previous studies of the use of the Emergency Severity Index in children have been performed primarily in centers that are high volume for pediatrics. Methods A repeated-measures, randomized crossover study comparing 2 different methods of pediatric triage education was conducted. Participants were general emergency nurses recruited from a general emergency department that is classified as low volume for pediatrics. Each participant was exposed in a random order to both educational methods: paper-based cases and high-fidelity simulation. Results All participants had substantial improvement in pediatric triage accuracy as measured by a standardized set of pediatric triage cases. The previously reported trend toward undertriage of the pediatric patient was observed despite a mean triage agreement rate of 73% at the end of the study period. No differences were observed between groups; the order of the educational intervention did not result in statistically significant differences in triage accuracy. Conclusion A combined approach of paper-based cases and high-fidelity simulation was effective at improving pediatric triage accuracy among a group of general ED nurses with limited exposure to pediatric patients. The results from this study suggest that combining both methods of education may be a viable means of providing general emergency nurses with additional knowledge in pediatric triage; however, persistent trends in undertriage should be studied further.