An integrally thin skinned asymmetric architecture design for advanced anion exchange membranes for vanadium flow batteries

A novel integrally thin skinned asymmetric anion exchange membrane (ISAAEM) with sufficiently low ion exchange capacity (IEC) was proposed to improve the chemical stability of AEMs for vanadium flow batteries (VFBs). The ISAAEM with an IEC of 0.72 meq. g−1 showed low area resistance, slight VO2+ crossover and good electrochemical performance in VFBs.