Functional Anatomy of the Hamstrings

The hamstrings are found in the posterior region of the thigh and consist of the semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris muscles. These muscles are generally responsible for extension of the hip and flexion of the knee, although they also provide individual contributions to movement and stability of the lower limb. Injury to the hamstrings typically occurs during eccentric contraction, leading to tears in the musculotendinous junction or avulsions from the ischial tuberosity. These injuries cause significant morbidity and can be commonly seen in the context of sprinting and waterskiing, as well as accidental slips and falls. Proper treatment of conditions affecting the hamstrings requires a thorough understanding of the muscular anatomy as well as the local innervation patterns and adjacent skeletal structures.