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published cases. In fact a recent Indian study has highlighted that screening for ESBL / AmpC must be considered upon isolation of Salmonella / Shigella isolates, which would help in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease for better patient outcome [8]. One of the mechanisms of resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporin is mediated by ESBL. Isolation of MDR and ESBL producing bacteria with the persistence of symptoms made carbapenems the drug of choice in this case. However, in a country like India where shigellosis is a common infection of the under privileged society, treatment only by carbapenems will pose a serious economic as well as therapeautic challenge. Studies have reported that alternative drug such as azithromycin (rather than ceftriaxone) should be used as an empiric antibiotic for cases of severe dysentery prior to susceptibility reports to minimize the morbidity associated with the disease [7,10]. It is known that infections due to ESBL producers are predominantly hospital acquired. Our case being a case of delayed milestone of development had been in a regular contact with hospital setting for treatment and follow up. This may explain this ESBL positive S. flexneri being isolated from him. Though molecular detection of various genes are the gold standard for identifying ESBL/AmpC or carbapenemase gene, not many laboratory in our country can offer this tests as a daily diagnostic tool for identification of these resistance mechanisms. Therefore in such areas if available Vitek 2C is an acceptable alternative [5]. In the present case also we reconfirmed our isolate as ESBL positive S. flexneri using Vitek 2C system.