The pedestrian evacuation model with collision probability in three-dimensional space

In order to effectively depict the evacuation process in a three-dimensional space, a novel three-dimensional cellular automata model was proposed with the stair factors. Based on the position attractiveness, collision probability, and vacancy degree, the calculation formula for transition probability was provided by the model, and the evacuation strategy was explained through defining the cellular evolutionary process. Meanwhile, the experiments were conducted on the simulation platform to study the relationships of evacuation time, exit width, pedestrian density, as well as average system velocity. The results showed that evacuation time had a positive correlation with pedestrian density, and a negative correlation with exit width; in addition, concerning the optimum evacuation time, there exists a desirable threshold value for vacancy parameter and collision parameter.