Arterial Line Access and Monitoring

Percutaneous arterial cannulation is a common procedure which can allow for the measurement of beat-to-beat blood pressure. Assessment of hemodynamic stability in critically ill patients can be accomplished through arterial monitoring. An intra-arterial catheter can be inserted via a number of superficial and deep arteries. Complications of arterial cannulation can include bleeding, infection, ischemia, thrombosis, embolization, and damage to adjacent structures. Many organizations credential advanced practice providers for arterial line placement. In order for proper placement to occur, it is imperative to have a basic technical understanding of the procedure as well as a deep knowledge of indications and complications of the procedure. This chapter outlines the steps needed for arterial line placement and monitoring.