Covalently Connected Carbon Nanotubes as Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction through Band Engineering

Controlled assembly of mesoscopic structures can bring interesting phenomena because of their interfaces. Here, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are cross-coupled via a C–C bonding through Suzuki reaction resulting in three-dimensional (3D) CNT sponges, and these 3D CNTs are studied for their efficacy toward the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic medium—one of the promising methods for the production of a renewable energy source, hydrogen. Both single and multiwall CNTs (SWCNTs and MWCNTs) are studied for the development of 3DSWCNTs and 3DMWCNTs, and these 3D CNTs are found to be HER active with small reaction onset potentials and low charge-transfer resistances unlike their uncoupled counterparts. First-principle density functional calculations show that the combination of electron acceptor and donor bonded to the CNT network can provide a unique band structure modulation in the system facilitating the HER reaction. This study can provide possibilities for band engineering of CNTs via fu...