Dimensional confinement of graphene in a polypyrrole microbowl for sensor applications

A polypyrrole microbowl with dimensionally confined graphene is fabricated through electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole with a gas bubble template and reduction of graphene oxide in situ. The unique assembly of graphene within the polypyrrole microbowl presents much enhanced sensor performance, which will be attractive as a micro detection system, in which only a few microliter sample solution is needed.