The semantics of hybrid process models

In the area of business process modelling, declarative notations have been proposed as alternatives to notations that follow the dominant, imperative paradigm. Yet, the choice between an imperative or declarative style of modelling is not always easy to make. Instead, a mixture of these styles is sometimes preferable. This observation has underpinned recent calls for so-called hybrid process modelling notations. In this paper, we present a formal semantics for these. In our proposal, a hybrid process model is hierarchical, where each of its sub-processes may be specified in either an imperative or declarative fashion. The semantics we provide will allow modelling communities to build on the benefits of existing imperative and declarative modelling notations, instead of spending their energy on inventing new ones.