Simulation Training as a Mechanism for Procedural and Resuscitation Education for Pediatric Residents: A Systematic Review

Background: Pediatric residents often finish their training lacking sufficient procedural proficiency and resuscitation experience in the care of critically ill children. Simulation is gaining favor in pediatric residency programs as a modality for procedural and resuscitation education. We reviewed the literature assessing simulation and its role in pediatric resident training. Methods: We conducted a Medline and PubMed search of simulation training in pediatric resident education from January 2007 to July 2012. Results: Eight studies were included and divided into simulated procedural assessments and simulated resuscitation scenario assessments. The studies varied widely in their approach and analysis, and they yielded mixed results. Conclusions: Although some studies show the merits of simulation in the procedural and resuscitation training of pediatric residents, more research is needed to assess the effectiveness of simulation as an educational tool. Goals of future simulation research should include creation of validated assessment tools and applying skills learned to patient care outcomes. * Abbreviations: ACGME : Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education AV : audiovisual LP : lumbar puncture MeSH : Medical Subject Headings OSCE : observed structured clinical examination PALS : Pediatric Advanced Life Support PGY : postgraduate year PIV : peripheral intravenous