Aggression accounted: costs of aggressive behavior and violence at work, benefits of preventive measures

In many countries, aggression and violence at work are an increasing problem . Public services, like police, ambulances, hospitals, fire brigade, and civil services, seem to be confronted with relatively many of the incidents. Employees suffer from verbal abuse, discrimination, sexual harassment, intimidation and threatening, or even physical harass­ment. There is a general understanding of effects, mostly based on incidents in their own organization. But there is no insight into the actual costs of incidents and in the benefits of prevention. For these, a method and a tool were developed. Calculations help to enhance the understanding and to promote prevention.