Role of the variant in adiponectin gene rs266729 on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors after a hypocaloric diet with the Mediterranean pattern

Abstract Objectives The role of ADIPOQ gene variants on weight loss after a dietary intervention remain unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of rs266729 of the ADIPOQ gene on cardiovascular risk factors and adiposity parameters after adherence to a Mediterranean-type hypocaloric diet. Method Eighty-three obese patients were studied before and after 12 wk on a Mediterranean-type hypocaloric diet. Anthropometric parameters and biochemical profiles were measured. The variant of ADIPOQ gene rs266729 was assessed at basal time by polymerase chain reaction at real time. Results Two genotype groups were realized (CC versus CG + GG). The final genotype distribution was 48 patients CC (57.8%), 30 patients CG (36.2%) and 5 patients GG (6%). After dietary intervention with a moderate calorie restriction and in both genotypes, body mass index (BMI), weight, fat mass, systolic blood pressure, and waist circumference decreased. After dietary intervention and in non-G allele carriers (CC versus CG+ GG), glucose (δ: –6.2 ± 1.1 versus –2.9 ± 1.2 mg/dL; P  = 0.02), total cholesterol (δ:-15.2 ± 3.1 versus –3.4 ± 2 mg/dL; P  = 0.02), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (δ, –14.9 ± 3.1 versus –4.9 ± 1.2 mg/dL; P  = 0.01), insulin levels (δ, –4± 0.6 versus 0.7 ± 0.3 UI/L; P  = 0.01), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (δ, –1.6 ± 0.4 versus –0.2 ± 0.4 units; P  = 0.01), and adiponectin (δ, –10.4 ± 3.1 versus –1.3 ± 1.0 ng/dL; P  = 0.01) improved. Conclusion After weight loss, the CC genotype of ADIPOQ gene variant (rs266729) is associated with increases in adiponectin levels and decreases of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance after weight loss.