Fluidic microstructuring of alginate hydrogels for the single cell niche

Controlling alginate gel formation by diffusion of Ca2+ ions through a filter barrier, a layer-by-layer deposition technique with resolution on the size scale of a single cell is presented. It offers the possibility of exposing cells under biocompatible conditions to microheterogeneous three-dimensional environments, mimicking the layered structure of extracellular matrix in tissues.