Lighting up erbium with water: Observation of substantial crystalline matrix element enhancements
2001
We have found substantial enhancements of the optical matrix elements of Er atoms when water molecules augment the symmetry-breaking electric fields in their crystalline environment. We measure enhancement factors of order 5 for the set of Er energy levels with wavelengths near 1550 nm. These transitions are technologically important because they are used in optical amplifiers for communications.
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