Titanium Powder Coating Using Metal 3D Printing: A Novel Coating Technology for Cobalt–Chromium Alloy Implants

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) printing with a direct metal fabrication (DMF) technology has been innovatively introduced in the field of surface treatment of prostheses. The purpose of this study was to determine whether such modifications on the surface of cobalt–chromium (CoCr) alloy by titanium powder coating using DMF improves the osseointegration ability of CoCr alloy.