Interventional Magnetic Resonance for Biopsy and Drug Instillation in Cancer Therapy

Interventional procedures in the abdomen and pelvis are performed mostly for biopsies, but they are also sometimes carried out for sympathectomies, drainages, and increasingly for cancer therapy. Puncture guided by computed tomography (CT), fluoroscopy, and ultrasound (US) have been reported in the literature for nearly 30 years. Nordenstrom reported the first series of percutaneous fluoroscopically guided lymph node biopsies [1]. Various approaches have been described, including transperitoneal, translumbar, and transvascular, using a number of different image modalities [2–11].