НЕРВНО-МЫШЕЧНЫЙ АППАРАТ БАСКЕТБОЛИСТОК В АСПЕКТЕ ИХ ВОЗРАСТНЫХ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ

The feature of the motor mode of people involved in sports influences functioning of all body systems, including neuromotor apparatus. Regular sports occupations contribute to very accurate organization of regulation of performance of a motor act, fully complying with necessary motor tasks. Here the study of the peculiarities of functioning of the neuromuscular apparatus under the influence of specific sports activity contributes to a more detailed analysis of the mechanisms of development of adaptive processes in athletes' neuromotor system as well as their possible restructuring due to some factors associated with implementation of physical loading of various volume. In the process of age-related development human neuromuscular apparatus undergoes structural and functional changes at neural, muscular, hormonal and biochemical levels. Since an athlete cannot be trained without the formed motor function, more sophisticated technologies are required that take into account not only the specificity of sports activity, but also age and the initial level of athletes' motor fitness. The level of the motor component of functional fitness can be objectively estimated by means of electromyography. It is also known that with growing sports skills the regulation mechanisms get better, body's functionalities increase and motor coordination improves. For this reason, the purpose of the research was to study the functional features of the neuromuscular apparatus of female basketball players from different age groups and sports qualification acquired during the long-term training process. Analysis of the obtained data revealed that long-term basketball occupations contribute to increase of maximum conduction of excitation in nerve fibers, the number and synchrony of active motor units of muscles of upper and lower extremities. The identified physiological features of neuromuscular apparatus can serve as objective indicators for the operational control of the training process of of young female athletes, where the stipulated qualities should be developed to improve efficiency of athletes' playing actions in early phases of basketball occupations.