Analysis of Oral and Dental Manifestations in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients

Background : Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormal secretion and action of insulin on metabolism of carbohydrate, protein and lipids. Diabetes mellitus alters the cellular microenvironment in multiple organ systems and oral cavity is not an exception. It alters the oral health to a great extent and periodontitis most common oral complication of this disease. There are few reported studies related to the oral/dental status in diabetes mellitus patients. Aim : To evaluate the interrelationship between diabetes mellitus and dental health status such as the prevalence of caries, periodontal condition of teeth and any endodontic/restorative treatment of teeth. Materials and Methods : A total of one hundred type 2 DM patients (68 Uncontrolled diabetics and 32 controlled diabetics) among the age group of 35-60 years were included in the study. Relevant information regarding age, oral hygiene habits and personal habits was obtained from patients reporting to our hospital. Results: Gingivitis and Periodontitis were most frequent oral signs and symptoms observed in both controlled and uncontrolled diabetic patients. No statistically significant differences are found between control and uncontrolled diabetic patients for number of teeth, prevalence of caries, endodontically treated teeth, periapical lesions and restorations. Conclusion : Growing evidence of complications of diabetes on oral structures especially periodontium, demands dental care as one of main health care in these patients. The objective of treatment is to encourage a good oral health in patients with diabetes.