A Case of Pseudoaneurysm Due to Fungus Ball within the Progressive Massive Fibrosis in a Patient with Pneumoconiosis: Computed Tomography-Pathologic Correlation

While uncommon, pulmonary artery aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms are associated with high mortality. Overall they are considered rare entities with prevalence rates of around 1 case per 14000 to 100000 autopsies (1, 2). Most pulmonary artery aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms are acquired and associated with cardiovascular disease, infection, iatrogenic causes, trauma, neoplasm, and connective tissue disease. To our knowledge, while there are many cases of Rasmussen aneurysm in patients with cavitary tuberculosis, there have been no reports of pseudoaneurysm due to fungus ball in the progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) of a patient with pneumoconiosis. We described a case of pseudoaneurysm detected by contrast-enhanced chest CT with threedimensional (3D) reconstruction. The pseudoaneurysm arose in the upper lobar branch of the right pulmonary artery and caused by a fungus ball within the PMF in a patient with pneumoconiosis, who underwent transcatheter endovascular embolization of the aneurysm.