Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en el Ecuador: revisión epidemiológica

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized as a heterogeneous syndrome of multifactorial etiology with complex metabolic endocrine disorders. Objective: Conduct a critical systematic scientific review of the literature on the most relevant aspects of the epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ecuador. Material and methods: A systematic bibliographic review was carried out within the Pub med databases, Web of Sciences, ProQuest of the last five years of statistics on diagnosis, hospitalization, morbidity-mortality and diabetes complications in Ecuador. Additionally, the review of genetic, environmental and behavioral risk factors that interact in the development of this disease, using the following key words: Systematic review, type 2 diabetes mellitus, epidemiology, Ecuador. Results: In Ecuador there is evidence of a significant increase in mortality in recent years because of DM2, with a total of 4895 deaths in the year 2017, which could increase due to increased risk factors associated as: obesity, dyslipidemia, Sedentariness, smoking, among others. In addition, a direct relationship was found between the low socioeconomic situation and the development of the disease. Conclusions: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a pathology with global distribution whose incidence and prevalence is increasing. Ecuador is not the exception to this problem, presenting itself as one of the most important epidemics of the 21st century. The bibliographic review will allow the implementation of preventive actions in the field of public health.