La Batería Aurora : una nueva evaluación de la inteligencia exitosa
2015
espanolEl objetivo de este articulo es analizar el grado de concordancia y convergencia en el estudio de alumnos con baja, media y alta inteligencia entre dos medidas de inteligencia: la Bateria Aurora-a, fundamentada en la teoria de la inteligencia exitosa; y el factor "g" basado en un modelo monofactorial de la inteligencia. Ademas, se estudian las diferencias en la inteligencia exitosa en funcion del nivel del IQ medido por el factor "g". Los participantes han sido 431 estudiantes con edades comprendidas entre los 8 y los 15 anos de edad, pertenecientes a 8 centros de la Region de Murcia. La seleccion de la muestra se hizo de forma incidental. Se han utilizado dos instrumentos: a) Bateria Aurora-a cuyo objetivo es evaluar y reconocer las habilidades (analiticas, creativas y practicas), segun tipo de representacion (figurativo, numerico y verbal); b) el factor "g", cuyo objetivo es evaluar las habilidades fluidas mediante tareas no verbales. Los resultados indican una cierta concordancia entre dos procedimientos para estudiar el funcionamiento cognitivo de los alumnos con alta, media y baja inteligencia. Se ha encontrado, ademas, que el IQ tiene relaciones mas elevadas con los componentes practicos y analiticos, asi como las tareas de contenido verbal y figurativo del Aurora. Este procedimiento permite entender el manejo de los recursos de los estudiantes con altas capacidades sinteticas, practicas y analiticas o academicas. Se pone el enfasis en el uso de recursos para generar ideas nuevas, crear historias imaginativas, resolver problemas de manera inusual, descubrir nuevas conexiones; asi como la aplicacion de los conocimientos a la solucion de problemas escolares y de la vida diaria, que son aspectos poco considerados por los tests tradicionales de inteligencia. EnglishThe aim of this article is to analyse the degree of agreement and convergence between two different measures of intelligence at identifying students with low, average and high intelligence. These measures are: Aurora-a Battery, a cognitive assessment based on Robert J. Sternberg`s theory of Successful Intelligence; and Cattell?s factor "g", based on a mono-factorial model of intelligence. In addition, differences on successful intelligence are analysed depending on students IQ level measured by factor "g" test. A sample size of 431 students ranging in age from 8-15 years old attending eight different schools in Murcia Region (Spain) took part in this research. The selection of participants followed and incidental design. Two measure instruments were used: a) Aurora-a Battery, which aims is to assess and recognize different abilities (analytical, practical, and creative) on different types of representation (figurative, numerical and verbal content); and b) Cattell?s factor g, which aims is to assess fluid intelligence by means of non-verbal tasks. The results point out that there some level of agreement between both procedures at analysing cognitive functioning of students with low, average and low intelligence. In addition, IQ shows stronger correlations with practical and analytical abilities and with verbal and figurative content tasks and weaker correlations with creative ability and numerical content. This procedure allows understanding the cognitive resources management of students with high abilities on synthetic, practical and analytical intelligence. Emphasis is on the use of new resources to generate new ideas, create imaginative stories, solve problems in unusual ways, discover new connexions, as well as in the application of knowledge to solve both schools and everyday life problems, aspects rarely considered by traditional intelligence and standardized intelligence tests.
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