Non-infectious Diseases of the Oral Mucosa: The Importance of Immune Functions

Introduction: The non-microbial diseases of the oral mucosa constitute a heterogenous group of disorders from rare life-threatening autoimmune disorders such as Pemphigus vulgaris to more common conditions like recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). However, they have some features in common; a genetic susceptibility or association in some; and immune dysregulation or immune-driven pathology in many. In this chapter, the diseases are briefly described in terms of any genetic susceptibility/association, and the contribution of the immune response to pathology. Many of the diseases are managed by using immunosuppressive drugs which also include specific monoclonal antibodies, the so-called biologics. The mode of action of some of the drugs most commonly used is outlined in Table 11.1. An extensive description of diagnostic criteria and detailed clinical management is beyond the scope of this chapter but is referenced in a literature review of current clinical management of oral mucosal disease in Chap. 12.