Characteristics of CW violet laser diodes grown by MBE

In an internal combustion engine including an exhaust gas turbocharger and a compound power turbine connected to the crankshaft of the engine and an exhaust gas recirculation system extending between the engine exhaust duct upstream of the exhaust gas turbine and the intake duct downstream of the compressor of the exhaust gas turbocharger, the exhaust gas turbine and the compound power turbine have a size relationship determined by the power absorption capability phi of each turbine such that:wherein: {dot over (m is the exhaust gas mass flow rate through the turbine,T is the exhaust gas temperature at the turbine inlet, andp is the exhaust gas pressure at the turbine outletand the maximal compound power turbine absorption capability exceeds the maximal absorption capability of the exhaust gas turbine.