Outcomes of Non-Self-Expandable Metal Prostheses in Strictured Human Ureter: Suggestions for Future Developments

The success of metal stents in the urethra led us to implant flexible metal stents unilaterally in the ureter in four patients. Radiographic and endoscopic controls during follow-up showed an obstruction in three cases. We describe the different aspects of these unfavorable outcomes and propose changes to be made in metal stents for use in the upper urinary tract.