Torque spectroscopy for the study of rotary motion in biological systems.

Systems Jan Lipfert,†,‡ Maarten M. van Oene,‡ Mina Lee,‡ Francesco Pedaci,‡,§ and Nynke H. Dekker*,‡ †Department of Physics, Nanosystems Initiative Munich, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Amalienstrasse 54, 80799 Munich, Germany ‡Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands Department of Single-Molecule Biophysics, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, UMR 5048 CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France