Mastoidite Aguda na Criança – Análise dos últimos 10 anos

Aim: Analyze the current controversial factors of pediatric acute mastoiditis (AM), namely the incidence, treatment and risk factors for complications. Study Design: Retrospective study. Material and methods: Descriptive and statistical analysis of epidemiological, clinical, and analytical data collected from the charts of patients diagnosed with AM between 2009 and 2018. Results: We recorded 123 cases. Pn13 anti-pneumococcal vaccination was registered in 67.5% of the cases. We observed no significant variations in the incidence of AM or its complications. 81.3% of the children were treated with antibiotics alone. Neurological symptoms or signs, antibiotic therapy in the last month, history of cholesteatoma, leukocyte count and duration of symptoms were associated with the existence of complications. Conclusions: The incidence of mastoiditis in our population has not decreased despite the introduction of the Pn13 pneumococcal vaccine and the publication of the acute otitis media guideline. Certain factors, such as previous antibiotic treatment and the diagnosis of cholesteatoma, may warn of a complicated evolution of this entity.