Impact of HIV-specialized pharmacies on adherence to medications for comorbid conditions

Abstract Objective To determine if patients using human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specialized pharmacies have greater adherence to drugs used to treat comorbid conditions and HIV compared with patients who use traditional pharmacies. Design Retrospective cohort study, with patients' propensity matched based on pharmacy use: HIV-specialized versus traditional. Setting Nationwide pharmacy chain. Participants Adult patients who filled at least two prescriptions for an antiretroviral therapy (ART). Patients also needed to have at least two prescriptions for an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) or a statin for analyses examining comorbid conditions. Main outcome measure Proportion of days covered (PDC). Results The adherence analyses for ART, ACE inhibitors/ARBs, and statins included 14,278, 1,484, and 1,372 pairs, respectively. The mean PDC for ART patients using HIV-specialized pharmacies was higher than that for patients using traditional pharmacies (86.20% vs. 81.87%; P P = 0.0002), as did specialized pharmacy users in the statin group (83.77 vs. 81.29; P = 0.0009). Conclusion HIV patients managed by an HIV-specialized pharmacy have significantly higher adherence to medication for comorbid conditions compared with patients using traditional pharmacies. Patients of HIV-specialized pharmacies also have significantly higher adherence to ART compared with peers using traditional pharmacies.