Targeting RAF kinases for cancer therapy: BRAF mutated melanoma and beyond

Mutations in the RAF family have been associated with several types of cancer, with BRAF mutations being the most common. This led to the development of BRAF inhibitors, which initially improve clinical responses but frequently induce more aggressive, drug-resistant disease and secondary tumours. This Review discusses what we know about RAF mutants in cancer and the lessons learned about acquired drug resistance, especially feedback signalling and the effects of dosing regimens.