Nutritional Composition and Oil Quality Parameters of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Genotypes

The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the physical characteristics, proximate composition, anti-nutritional factors and oil quality parameters of sesame seeds of nine genotypes, varying in seed size having seed index(2.85-3.15g/1000 seeds) and seed caot colour.The proximate composition of whole sesame seeds revealed: moisture-9.3 to 10.9; crude fat-46.6 to 52.4; crude fibre-2.0 to 4.8 and carbohydrate-7.3 to 12.2 percent. The genotype JLS-9707-2 recored the highest oil content (52.4%) followed by genotypes Hawari ( 51.35%) and JLT-7 (50.3%). The chemical composition of defatted meal of sesame revealed: moisture- 8.0 to 10.0; crude protein 24.0 to 27.6; crude fibre 3.0 to 5.0; ash 4.0 to 5.2; total carbohydrates 6.3 to 9.8 percent, free amino acids1.84 to 3.73 mg g -1 ; IVPD 27.4 to 29.6 percent; IVSD 158.25 to 266.4 mg maltose g -1 2 hrs -1 and the minerals Fe 2.30; Mn 1.93; Zn1.06 and Cu 0.35 mg kg-1. The polyphenols content ranged from 0.28 to 0.49 percent and the phytate phosphorus from 156.8 to 187.6 mg 100 g -1 meal. This study indicates that the defatted meal of genotype JL-Sel-06-13 exhibited better nutritional composition with respect to crude protein, minerals, IVPD besides low levels of crude fibre and anti-nutritional factors. The oil quality parameters viz., iodine value varied from 91.68 to 102.47 ; saponifiaction value from 188.5 to 193.6; acid value from 0.36 to 0.81 and peroxide value from 4.0 to 7.34 meq kg-1 . The oil of all genotypes exhibited good quality as far as the extent of unsaturation, low level of acid and the peroxide value of freshly extracted oil were concerned. The genotypes, JL-166 and JL-Sel-Agri-95-10 exhibited superior oil quality. The results on variations in quality of sesame oil stored at ambient conditions up to 30 days indicated that the genotype JL-Sel-9848-02 exhibited better oil quality and shelf-life, followed by the genotype JL-Sel-05-01. The seed colour did not show any correlation with the phytate phosphorus content, however brown seeded genotypes recorded higher polyphenol content.