MÚLTIPLES LÍNEAS DE EVIDENCIAS APLICADAS AL ESTUDIO DE UN INDIVIDUO PREHISPÁNICO. SITIO RANCHO JOSÉ (BUENOS AIRES)

2016 
espanolEn este trabajo presentamos la informacion osteologica, cronologica, isotopica y de ADN antiguo (ADNa) obtenida a partir del analisis de los restos oseos humanos fragmentados correspondientes a un individuo prehispanico recuperado en el sitio Rancho Jose. Dicho sitio esta ubicado en la margen derecha del rio Baradero, donde la accion del agua expuso y removio diferentes tipos de materiales arqueologicos. De acuerdo con la excavacion realizada en seis perfiles ubicados en el borde de la barranca, se pudo determinar que los hallazgos fueron depositados en un evento de ocupacion. En el perfil 5 se recuperaron los restos oseos de un individuo datado 1900±20 anos AP, representado solo por la porcion superior del esqueleto. En primer lugar, se consideraron los agentes tafonomicos que podrian haber actuado modificando las condiciones de hallazgo y los materiales asociados. Se realizo la determinacion del sexo y la estimacion de la edad del individuo y se examinaron las diferentes patologias oseas y dentales. Esta informacion se complemento con datos obtenidos a partir del analisis de ADN mitocondrial (ADNmt) antiguo, de isotopos estables (13C, 15N) y el relevamiento de micro-restos vegetales en el tartaro dental. Si bien se trata de un individuo altamente fragmentado, conserva su aparato masticatorio completo y su estudio resulta de interes para comparar con otros individuos, tanto de sitios coetaneos como de tiempos posthispanicos. Con ese fin, tambien se presentan datos isotopicos de dos individuos del sitio posthispanico Cementerio Indigena. EnglishWe present osteological, chronological, isotopic, and ancient DNA (aDNA) information obtained from the analysis of the fragmented human remains of a prehispanic individual recovered at Rancho Jose site. The site is situated on the right bank of the Baradero River, where water action exposed and removed various types of archaeological materials. The excavation carried out on six profiles located on the edge of the rift made it possible to determine that the finds were deposited during a single occupation event. In profile 5 the skeletal remains representing the upper portion of the skeleton of an adult individual dated in 1900±20 years BP were recovered. The taphonomic agents that could have altered the finding conditions and its associated materials were considered first. Bones sex determination and age estimation was performed and various bone and dental pathologies were examined. This information was supplemented with data from ancient mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), stable isotopes (13C and 15N), and the identification of plant microremains in dental tartar. Although these are highly fragmented remains, the individual has retained its whole masticatory system and its analysis from different research perspectives is of interest for comparison with other individuals, both from contemporaneous sites in the surrounding area of discovery and from post-hispanic times. To that end, isotopic data from two individuals from the Cementerio Indigena site are also presented.
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