Who is a Better Tutor?: Gaze Hints with a Human or Humanoid Tutor in Game Play

In this paper, we present a study that analyses the effects of robot or human gaze hints on people's choices in a card game. We asked human participants to play a matching card game in the presence of a human or a robotic tutor. Our aim was to find out if gaze hints provided by the tutor can direct the attention and influence the choices of the human participants. The results show that participants performed significantly better when they received gaze hints from a tutor than when they did not. Furthermore, we found that people identified the tutor hints more often in robot condition than in human condition and, as a result, performed significantly better.