Dietary Factors Associated with Pancreatic Cancer Risk in Minia, Egypt: Principal Component Analysis

Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a serious and rapidly progressing malignancy. Identifying risk factorsincluding dietary elements is important to develop preventive strategies. This study focused on possible links betweendiet and PC. Methods: We conducted a case-control study including all PC patients diagnosed at Minia Cancer Centerand controls from general population from June 2014 to December 2015. Dietary data were collected directly throughpersonal interviews. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to identify dietary groups. The data wereanalyzed using crude odds ratios (ORs) and multivariable logistic regression with adjusted ORs and 95% confidenceintervals (CIs). Results: A total of 75 cases and 149 controls were included in the study. PCA identified six dietarygroups, labeled as cereals and grains, vegetables, proteins, dairy products, fruits, and sugars. Bivariate analysis showedthat consumption of vegetables, fruits, sugars, and total energy intake were associated with change in PC risk. Inmultivariable-adjusted models comparing highest versus lowest levels of intake, we observed significant lower oddsof PC in association with vegetable intake (OR 0.24; 95% CI, 0.07-0.85, P=0.012) and a higher likelihood with thetotal energy intake (OR 9.88; 95% CI, 2.56-38.09, P<0.0001). There was also a suggested link between high fruitconsumption and reduced odds of PC. Conclusions: The study supports the association between dietary factors and theodds of PC development in Egypt. It was found that higher energy intake is associated with an increase in likelihoodof PC, while increased vegetable consumption is associated with a lower odds ratio.