What Is Learned from Errors: Development and Validation of a Learning from Errors Inventory

Learning from errors may result in changes in the mental model of a task and lead to performance improvement, or reduced error occurrence (e.g., Ellis, Mendel, & Nir, 2006; Harteis, Bauer, & Gruber, 2008). We build on this concept of error learning, to further advance our understanding of the nature and content of such learning. We develop and validate a multidimensional learning from errors (LFE) scale that includes task-related, error prevention, error management and emotional coping learning outcomes. We demonstrate that using a four-dimensional LFE scale, yields better predictions than the existing measures individually or in combination. Additionally, we discuss conceptual and empirical distinctions among the LFE dimensions and illustrate differences in their nomological nets. Comparison of the four existing unidimensional error learning scales with the new LFE inventory shows that existing scales tap mostly individual learning to correct mistakes, to a lesser extent learning to prevent mistakes, and...