Cytotoxic effects and pharmacokinetic analysis of combined adriamycin and X-ray treatments in human organotypic cell cultures.

: Organotypic cultures of human A549 cells were used as a tumor model to investigate sequence effects for combination treatments with adriamycin (ADR) and X-irradiation. Initial drug exposure led to the greatest cytotoxic effect especially when X-rays were delivered 24 h later and this subsequent irradiation did not significantly modify the intracellular ADR concentration. In contrast, post-irradiation drug exposure gave rise to a lower cytotoxic effect, and induced a marked reduction of intracellular and more specifically intranuclear ADR uptake and retention, especially when the drug was given 24 h later.