"True Americans" and "Hordes of Foreigners": Nationalism, Ethnicity and the Problem of Citizenship in the United States, 1789-1800

1. Versions of this paper were presented at the annual meeting of the American Historical Association (Boston, 2001) and the "International Seminar on the History of the Atlantic World" (Harvard University, 2002). The author is thankful for the encouragement and generous critiques of Amy Amoon, Bernard Bailyn, Nadene Bradburn, Kathleen Conzen, Edward Cook, Malick Ghachem, Jon Gjerde, R. Scott Hansen, Scott Lien, Ajay Mehrotra, Rebekah Mergenthal, Steven Pincus, Mark Schmeller and especially the late James Kettner.