Improvement of special steel production by use of an 'endless lining' system for monolithic ladle linings

Aim of the project was to introduce the endless lining system of ladles with monolithic castables -which is state of the art in mass steel production - to special steel. For the production of special steel its applicationis much more difficult, because of higher treatment temperatures, more intensive ladle metallurgical work, more aggressive slags, and longer treatment times which give higher stresses to the refractory material. In special steel production the commonly used castables had no sufficient corrosion resistance and showed a too high wear. Therefore, first it was necessary to develop castables with a better corrosion resistance.